The first step for a virus to invade a cell is to cross the cell's plasma membrane, which is a lipid barrier. In general, a virus consists of one or more layers of protein that enclose its viral ...

The virus and lung-cell membranes fuse. Spike decapitation allows the fusion machinery to unfold. The machinery inserts itself into the cell membrane and a channel forms, allowing N proteins and ...

Membrane-associated bacterial immune systems often involve mechanisms that trigger cell death or dormancy before virus replication is complete, preventing the release of viable viral progeny — a ...

To become infectious, HIV has to undergo a maturation process, which involves a rearrangement of the matrix proteins (red). In an immature virus particle, the matrix proteins form a lose lattice ...

Researchers have discovered a virus that could enter human cells in a similar way to COVID-19. But they caution it's much ...

the virus that causes AIDS – to find out. This transmission electron microscopy image shows HIV viral particles (yellow) near the end of the budding process; the cell they’ve infected is in blue.

Researchers used cryo-EM, glycoproteomics, and modeling to generate the atomic structure of a fully glycosylated and membrane ...

Compared to viruses, bacteria are larger and have a more sophisticated structure that includes a cytoplasm, membrane, cell wall, and genetic material. Because they reproduce via binary fission ...

Supercomputer simulations have revealed how changes in the shape of the HIV-1 capsid protein may help the virus squeeze its inner core into the host cell's nuclear membrane. The findings ...

Were there already viruses on Earth when the first living ... a collection of metabolic reactions enclosed within a membrane. The pre-cell could then duplicate itself, leading to the evolution ...

Biotherapeutics announced promising preclinical results for its systemic RTNova platform. The platform has successfully delivered ...