Modern historiography has tended to assume that violence was the primary driving force behind the formation of the first ...

Illustration of Mesopotamian urban center ... with the state and its laws and religion consolidating the new managerial hierarchies. I met Buccellati in 1994 at the first of what would become ...

How Mesopotamia’s Urban and Industrial Revolution Started Politics as We Know ... with the state and its laws and religion consolidating the new managerial hierarchies. I met Buccellati in 1994 at the ...

The Mesopotamian State Solved the Debt Problem ... What enabled and made this sustained achievement so successful were royal laws to regularly restore economic balance on a system-wide level.

That enabled Mesopotamian rule to be personal and indeed dynastic. “The king was not just the most powerful private individual; he embodied a distinct organism.” Kings were described as serving heaven ...

Researchers have identified an extensive Mesopotamian canal network that supplied ancient farms in the Eridu region with water from the Euphrates river before the first millennium B.C.

A sprawling, hidden network of ancient irrigation canals has been uncovered near the ancient city of Eridu in southern Mesopotamia. Under the leadership of geoarchaeologist Jaafar Jotheri ...

Over 200 canals and 4,000 smaller channels identified in Iraq The system supplied water to farms before the first millennium B.C. A shift in the Euphrates River led to the canals becoming obsolete ...

It is one of the oldest and greatest stores of knowledge: a vast library of texts amassed by Assyrian King Ashurbanipal, who ruled ancient Mesopotamia about 2700 years ago. But after his death ...