Scientists from Germany and Italy have uncovered details of the protective layer that surrounds the fine protrusions of cells. Biological cells often possess thin, hair-like protrusions on their ...

A new study by LMU and Helmholtz Munich shows how the pathogen Trypanosoma brucei controls changes in its cell surface to evade the immune ...

The immune system responds to an infection by producing antibodies that recognize and bind to the cell surface of the pathogen, thus marking it as an intruder and triggering an immune response. For ...

A new study by LMU and Helmholtz Munich shows how pathogens control changes in their cell surface to evade the immune system.