To stay in the running, they must make their steels lighter, stronger and more ductile than their competitor products. Steel consists mainly of iron. It takes on different properties when, for example ...

Nowadays, steel is usually made in specialized furnaces that take ingots of "pig iron" made from iron ore and refine them ...

Copper and zinc atoms have different sizes. This distorts the regular lattice structure in brass, so layers of atoms cannot slide over each other so easily. This makes brass stronger than copper ...

It is stronger than copper or zinc alone. Copper and zinc atoms are different sizes. This distorts the regular lattice structure in brass, so layers of atoms cannot slide over each other so easily.