Ureteral obstruction causes postrenal azotemia and hydronephrosis (distension and dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces), as well as spasm of the ureter. This leads to pain, most commonly felt ...

These results indicate that COM papillary calculi might be generated from subepithelial lesions on the tip of the renal papillae, and that the morphology of these COM calculi mainly depends on the ...

Calyceal calculi. The renal calyces are the most common location for asymptomatic urinary calculi, which are often incidentally discovered on an imaging study performed for another indication.