With the message defined, the sender engages in encoding, this stage of the communication process of translating the framed message into a symbolic form. This step requires choosing appropriate words, ...

Although this definition does not exclusively refer to animals ... using AUs in several contexts that might have a negative or positive affective response is an approach to understanding emotion and ...

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Effective interpersonal communication depends on the ability to perceive and interpret nonverbal emotional expressions from multiple sensory modalities. Current theoretical models propose that visual ...