While the accumulation of misfolded and ubiquitinated α-synuclein has long been recognized as the toxic factor in PD brain pathology, evidence implicating the direct involvement of ubiquitination ...

The elongation step involves two ubiquitin-like conjugation complex, the ATG5-ATG12 complex and the LC3-PE complex, which are required for proper phagophore membrane expansion and subsequent closure ...

Antigen processing and presentation is the mechanism by which whole antigens are degraded and loaded onto MHC molecules for display on the cell surface for recognition by T cells. Both macrophages ...