Simply defined, a cystocele is a protrusion of the bladder into the vagina due to defects in pelvic support (Fig. 1). The radiographic definition of a cystocele is descent of the bladder base ...

The unequivocal diagnosis of pelvic prolapse conditions can only be made on physical examination. Each section of the vagina -- anterior, posterior, lateral, and apex -- must be inspected and ...