If planted in the perennial garden, ribbon grass is a bully, spreading through rhizomes, often choking out its desirable neighbours. In some jurisdictions ribbon grass is listed as a noxious weed.

Using pyrrodiazole additives, the researchers improved perovskite film stability and achieved a certified efficiency of 20.3%.

This isn’t the first transparent electrode design for bifacial solar cells. However, previously proposed approaches used materials such as indium tin oxide (ITO) that are expensive and fragile.