"Reparation" refers to compensation or restitution provided to victims who have suffered harm, injury, or loss due to criminal acts. It serves dual purposes: Redressing the harm suffered by victims.

Fine, as a form of punishment under Indian Penal Law, is a pecuniary penalty imposed by the court upon conviction of an offender. It is one of the recognized punishments under Section 53 of the Indian ...

The serious judicial intervention on behalf of undertrial prisoners began as early as 1979, when reports in The Indian Express highlighted the plight of thousands languishing in prisons without trial.

The functioning of the judiciary reveals that it has exercised its powers in creative ways and devised new strategies to ensure the protection of human rights of prisoners. In recent decades, the ...

Limited Punishment: The maximum term of imprisonment that can be awarded through a summary trial does not exceed three months upon conviction. Limited Right of Appeal: Appeals from summary trials are ...

The Supreme Court has repeatedly interpreted Article 21 (Right to Life) to include the right to live with dignity, which extends to prisoners as well. Articles 14, 15, 17, and 23 also provide ...

Direct Applications : Victims can directly apply to the District Legal Services Authority (DLSA) or State Legal Services Authority (SLSA) for compensation. Timelines : Authorities must complete ...

To address disparities in state-level schemes, the Central Government established the Central Victim Compensation Fund (CVCF) with an initial corpus of ₹200 crores. This fund supplements state schemes ...

The registration and execution of arbitration attachment warrants require careful adherence to legal provisions under both Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 and CPC. By following these procedures ...

The Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab (1980) judgment reshaped India’s capital punishment jurisprudence by introducing the "rarest of rare" doctrine. Here’s an analysis in IRAC format: ...

If the victim loses employment or educational opportunities due to the crime, courts consider compensating for these losses. The nature of the relationship may influence compensation, especially in ...

Voidability Warning : Inform parties that non-compliance with court orders renders the sale voidable by the minor after attaining majority. Limitation Period : Note that the minor can challenge ...