The first step for a virus to invade a cell is to cross the cell's plasma membrane, which is a lipid barrier. In general, a virus consists of one or more layers of protein that enclose its viral ...

The virus and lung-cell membranes fuse. Spike decapitation allows the fusion machinery to unfold. The machinery inserts itself into the cell membrane and a channel forms, allowing N proteins and ...

Membrane-associated bacterial immune systems often involve mechanisms that trigger cell death or dormancy before virus replication is complete, preventing the release of viable viral progeny — a ...

To become infectious, HIV has to undergo a maturation process, which involves a rearrangement of the matrix proteins (red). In an immature virus particle, the matrix proteins form a lose lattice ...

Researchers have discovered a virus that could enter human cells in a similar way to COVID-19. But they caution it's much ...

Researchers used cryo-EM, glycoproteomics, and modeling to generate the atomic structure of a fully glycosylated and membrane ...

Compared to viruses, bacteria are larger and have a more sophisticated structure that includes a cytoplasm, membrane, cell wall, and genetic material. Because they reproduce via binary fission ...

Supercomputer simulations have revealed how changes in the shape of the HIV-1 capsid protein may help the virus squeeze its inner core into the host cell's nuclear membrane. The findings ...

Were there already viruses on Earth when the first living ... a collection of metabolic reactions enclosed within a membrane. The pre-cell could then duplicate itself, leading to the evolution ...

The RTNova platform addresses the challenges of treating advanced-stage metastatic cancers, including lung cancer, when intratumoral administration is not feasible. Calidi designed an innovative ...

Biotherapeutics announced promising preclinical results for its systemic RTNova platform. The platform has successfully delivered ...