An array of sensors detects the color of each marble ... Color sensing (as well as detecting empty spaces) settled on IR-based sensors commonly used in line-following robots.

That’s what [Thomas Fischl] decided to do, using an infrared thermal sensor array (MLX90640) connected through a PIC16LF1455 to a host computer. The computer handles the temperature calculation ...

Infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs) are essential components ... (DSNU): Variations in the output signal of an image sensor when no light is present, affecting image quality.