Scientists first observed the biological phenomenon of restriction and modification in the 1950s, but they did not identify and isolate restriction enzymes until the late 1960s. 3 In 1970, Hamilton ...

The diagram below shows how an enzyme catalyses the breakdown of one substrate into two products.

Enzymes! There are tens of thousands of chemical ... These short films will be relevant for teaching biology and science in general at KS3 and KS4 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and ...

Annotations of enzyme function provide critical starting ... to have such annotations for performing day-to-day work in biology. Here we describe the process and some of the current challenges ...