Although the DNA code from cell to cell is the same, there are many different types of cells within the body, each with a specific function. For example, the long, narrow muscle cell is designed ...

In both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, this highly compacted DNA is then arranged into structures called chromosomes. Chromosomes take different shapes in different types of organisms. For instance ...

To maintain the integrity of the genetic information, cells have evolved various DNA repair mechanisms. These mechanisms can detect and correct different types of DNA damage, such as base mismatches, ...

Insertions and deletions are two other types of mutations that can affect cells at the gene level. An insertion mutation occurs when an extra nucleotide is added to the DNA strand during replication.

The authors wrote, “DNA analysis showed two distinctly different types of results; the mitochondrial DNA was unambiguously human, while the nuclear DNA was shown to harbor novel structure and sequence ...